Applying prescription whitening creams (hydroquinone) alone or with retinoids (tretinoin) and a mild steroid can gradually fade blemishes over several months. Effective treatment for blemishes and dark spots starts with sunscreen. Whether you're treating dark spots on your own or consulting a dermatologist, using sunscreen is essential when you're going to be outside. If applied daily, sunscreen can prevent the appearance of new spots and dark spots.
It can also help to delete existing ones. Dark spots on the skin aren't usually a cause for concern, but some people may choose to remove them for cosmetic reasons through laser treatment, microdermabrasion, and other methods. During microdermabrasion, the dermatologist uses a special device with an abrasive surface to remove the top layer of the skin. This treatment promotes the formation of new collagen and may help reduce the stains.
Cryotherapy is a procedure that involves applying liquid nitrogen to dark spots to freeze them, damaging skin cells. The skin often heals with a more even tone afterward. Hydroquinone is a popular ingredient in hyperpigmentation products. Its function is to reduce melanin production.
Hydroquinone can cause skin irritation, especially when people use higher concentrations of it. It can also lighten the skin surrounding dark spots if a person doesn't apply it carefully. Kojic acid is another popular treatment for hyperpigmentation. However, it may not be as effective as other treatments. Kojic acid can also irritate sensitive skin, so it may not be suitable for everyone.
Retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A. They increase the renewal of new skin cells, which can make dark spots disappear over time. Products containing retinoids are not suitable for use during pregnancy, as vitamin A can sometimes cause congenital anomalies. Chemical exfoliants are acids that dissolve the top layer of skin cells.
They include alpha hydroxy acids, such as lactic acid, and beta hydroxy acids (BHA), such as salicylic acid. Apple cider vinegar contains acetic acid, which research has shown can lighten pigmentation. Purple onion extract (Allium cepa) is an ingredient in some skin lightening and scar creams available in the market. Research has shown that the dry skin of red onions can effectively lighten the skin.
Look for hyperpigmentation creams that contain Allium cepa and use them as directed. Research shows that green tea extract can have a depigmenting effect when applied to the skin. You can buy green tea extract and apply it according to the indications. Some websites suggest applying green tea bags to dark spots for a lightening effect, although there's no evidence to support this claim.
Licorice extract contains active ingredients that have been shown to alleviate hyperpigmentation caused by melasma and sun exposure. Topical creams containing licorice extract are available without a prescription. Use according to the instructions on the package. Milk, buttermilk, and even sour milk have been shown to effectively alleviate skin discoloration.
Lactic acid is the ingredient responsible for this effect. For example, the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery doesn't recommend lemon juice or abrasive scrubs, as these methods could worsen dark spots.
